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Expert has expertise in many aspects of industrial, process, utility, and municipal process plant systems engineering. A significant portion of his career in this area has involved solving process analysis problems in the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries. He has also been involved in the implementation of several major PCS upgrades, PLC revamps, initial DCS/PLC applications and Man-Machine Interface applications. His work with computerized analytical instrumentation and computerized spectroscopy includes the application of single loop microprocessor-based controllers and programmable logic controllers for process analyzer applications. This has resulted in several publications and professional presentations.


Expert has expertise in many applications of emissions monitoring. His area of expertise include USEPA emissions monitoring (he received the Kermit Fisher International Environmental Award from ISA in July 2001 for design, implementation and training on more thatn 200 40 CFR Parts 60 and 75 systems), process emissions (mainly petroleum refining and petrochemical manufacturing measurements of SO2, SO3, N0, N02, H2S, COS, CS2, HCl, Hg, CO, CO2, mass flow, and opacity), PEMS (Predictive Emissions Monitoring Systems), and emissions monitoring of automotive exhaust gases (both no-load and dynamometer-loaded measurements). Expert has applied his expertise to both the analytical methodologies and the data reporting requirements of these emissions monitoring fields.


Expert is the author of the definitive text on Sample Conditioning Systems. He is also the volume editor and a chapter author of a best-selling book on analysis instrumentation. He has expertise in using UV, VIS, IR, NIR, FTIR, GC, MASS SPEC and X-ray for on-line and continuous process and chemical analysis. He has designed more than 1,000 on-line and continuous process analysis systems for the petroleum refining and petrochemical process industries, the utility and cogeneration industries, cement and steel/iron production. He has been involved in sample conditioning for liquids and gases with all types of contaminants (e.g., solids, immiscible liquids, entrained liquids, and dissolved gases).

Expert has been designing process analyzer sample conditioning systems since 1972. These systems include gas-liquid filtration, gas-solid filtration, and liquid-solid filtration systems. The total operating success of a process analyzer application is dependent upon the proper design of these filtration systems.

He has designed total on-line and continuous process analysis systems from the sample probe to the packaging of the fabricated system in a walk-in process analyzer shelter. The process analyzer systems Expert has designed have included gas chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared and near infrared spectroscopy, moisture sensors and spectrophotometry in general. He has participated on several analyzer manufacturers' new product design teams (including DuPont, Applied Automation, and Precision Scientific). Expert is familiar with the hazardous area requirements of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the National Electric Code (NEC).

Expert has performed this analysis and performance optimization scheme on several process units, using mass spectrometers, continuous spectroscopic analyzers, and gas chromatographs as the analytical methodologies. The design of the sample conditioning system is absolutely critical to the success of this blast furnace top gas analysis. Expert has designed several analysis systems in this industry for major iron and steel production facilities. There is no reason that this same technology could not be applied to mini-mills to further enhance their profitability and optimize their batch-to-batch quality control. Run times without maintenance have approached six months (30 days is the norm).


A significant portion of Expert's career in the process industries has involved spectroscopy. While he has applied his expertise to a broad variety of industries, much of this work has been applied to emissions monitoring via absorption spectroscopy (UV, VIS, IR, NIR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectroscopy (such as quadrupole, magnetic sector, and time-of-flight), gas filter correlation spectroscopy, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and turbidimetry (absorption, transmission, and reflectance). Expert has also had experience in X-ray absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as applied to electrochemical processes, lubricant oil additive package analysis, and quality control and industrial lubricant analysis for wear processes.


Expert has experience with the interpretations of regulations particularly the Clean Air Act Amendment-1991 (40 CFR60 and 75), the selection of analyzers, and the design of CEMS and PEMS to meet these regulations.


Expert has expertise in many aspects of industrial, utility, process, and waste-to-energy flue gas treatment processes and analytical measurement methodologies. He has been involved in the field evaluation of several flue gas treatment processes including deNOx, deSOx, NH3 treatment, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR), and oxidative processes. He has supervised the optimization of major waste-to-energy and utility flue gas treatment systems via the use of process gas analyzers.


Expert has expertise in many aspects of industrial, process, BIF, and waste-to-energy hazardous waste incineration processes. He has been involved in the field evaluation of several burner management and direct injection, BIF-fired incinerators and other large-scale combustion processes, their combustion efficiency, their destruction efficiency, and the measurement/reporting requirements for Federal regulatory requirements.


Expert has performed the project management function for hundreds of process analyzer system projects on a stand-alone basis or in conjunction with process control projects (such as upgrades, optimizations, and new applications). He is familiar with the application of many project management techniques, including PERT charts, GANTT charts, critical path methodologies (CPM), marginal return/opportunity cost justification, heuristic priority choice, project networks, three estimate approach, and linear programming. Expert has experience in deterministic as well as time-and-cost methodologies, and has made several professional presentations on project management.


He has written training manuals for laboratory technicians and technical educational material for engineering professionals. He teaches one and two day professional education courses on Process Analyzer selection and Process Sample Conditioning Systems. He has written many technical operations and systems manuals for process analyzer systems. Additionally, as mentioned above, Expert is the editor of a publication published by ISA, the International Society for Measurement and Control (now called the Instrumentation, Systems and Automation Society). He also co-wrote a chapter in the ISA's Encyclopedia of Measurement and Control.


Expert has approximately thirty years experience in design and commissioning of process analyzer systems and continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS). These systems are monitoring refining, petrochemical, electric power generation, cement and steel production along with many other industrial process plants. Expert has a strong background understanding in the selection of analyzers and components, the design of integrated analysis systems to meet 40CFR60/40CFR75/CAAA-91 regulations.


As a consultant, Expert has been involved with internal combustion engine applications and process heaters for the measurement of energy efficiency, exhaust opacity, exhaust oxygen level, exhaust carbon monoxide, and exhaust gas flammable material analysis.


A significant portion of Expert's career has involved researching EGO sensors (1975-present). He wrote a 40-page Teltech Dossier on EGOs in September of 1995. Additionally, he wrote a monthly update on EGO literature/patent activity through September, 1997. Expert has a basic knowledge of automotive intake gas sensors, which are installed in an IC engine intake system for feedback control of A/F mixture or catalytic converter operation/efficiency measurement. He is also familiar with devices installed in an IC engine combustion chamber for feedback control of A/F mixture, catalytic converter operation/efficiency measurement, and setting IC engine ignition timing.


Expert has been Chairman and Member of Precision Scientific’s Technical Advisory Board. Precision Scientific, Inc., is the largest worldwide supplier of on-line/process physical property analyzers. Expert has experience performing laboratory and on-line/process measurements for a large number of fluid physical properties and their related applications. The following list represents the type of measurements Expert has performed. Most notably, he designed the on-line/process analyzer systems for all of the on-line/process applications named below:

Gasoline Properties: ASTM D 86 / D 1078 - Automatic Distillation (Initial Boiling Point-IBP, 50% Point, Final Boiling Point-FBP); ASTM D 5845 / 6277 - Octane (Research Octane Number-RON, Motor Octane Number-MON, R+M/2 Road Octane Number); ASTM D 5191 - US EPA Standard Vapor Pressure for Gasoline; ASTM D 56 - TAG Closed Cup Flash Point; ASTM D 5188 - Vapor / Liquid Ratio (V/L); ASTM D 6378 - On-Line/Process Vapor Pressure for Gasoline.

Other Petroleum and Petrochemical Fluid Physical Properties:

Flash Point: ASTM D 92 - Cleveland Open Cup Flash Point; ASTM D 93 - Pensky-Martens Flash Point; ASTM D 6450 - MINIFLASH (1ml Sample) Grabner Flash Point; NAVIFLASH (1 ml. sample) U.S. Navy Ship (NAVSEA); and Naval Air Station (NAVAIR NAS) Fuel Flash Point.

Vapor Pressure: ASTM D 1267 - Vapor Pressure Equivalent for LPG; ASTM D 2879 - Vapor Pressure Equivalent for Low Pressure Samples; ASTM D 6377 - Vapor Pressure for Liquids (and Solids); ASTM D 6378 - On-Line/Process Vapor Pressure for Gasoline and Crude Oil.

Density: API and Specific Gravity at 59-95DEGF.

Viscosity: ASTM D 445 - Automated Kinematic Laboratory Viscosity (0.4ml sample); ASTM D 445 - On-Line/Process Kinematic Viscosity.

Expert has performed a variety of physical property measurements on a wide range of materials. He has analyzed: the penetration of asphalts, cosmetics, greases, soaps, and waxes; the viscosity of clear and opaque fluids (epoxies, soaps, blood plasma, whole blood, inks); flash points of liquids and solids for ASTM, IATA, IMO, and US DOT classifications; and the stress/breaking point under defined bending force and temperature gradients for asphalts, coatings, epoxy finishes, paints, and rubber samples. The viscosity measurements he’s conducted have been on-line/process measurements where he has designed the total process analyzer system.

He also has experience performing physical property measurements on food and dairy industry products. These include penetration measurements of butter and cheeses, density of various food and dairy products, color of food and dairy liquids, and viscosity of food and dairy liquids. He has performed on-line/process viscosity measurements and designed the total on-line/process analyzer system.

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LaFarge Cement, Richmond, BC, Canada: For LaFarge Cement, Expert provided successful program development and management between LaFarge and regional environmental officials for the CEMS program to thwart plant shutdown due to long-term and continuing air pollution violations.Holnam Cement, Mason City, Iowa, USA: He provided successful program development and management between Holnam and USEPA regional officials for a CEMS maintenance and calibration program to meet 40CFR Part 75 CEMS requirements. Expert also provided design that reduced maintenance from four man-hours per eight-hour shift to four man-hours per six-month operating period with minimum capital expenditures.Inland Steel, East Chicago, IN, USA: Expert provided successful program development, system fabrication and installation, training and documentation for Blast Furnace (#5 and #7) Top Gas Analysis systems, to improve reliability, minimize maintenance requirements, and contribute to known quality steel production at all times.Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), Gary, IN, USA: At NIPSCO, he provided program development and management to rebuild 18 in-line (12-18-in. pipe sizes) high-pressure (350 psig) fuel gas flowmeters on a hypercritical time schedule. The meter had to be removed from the field, transported, shop-rebuilt, pressure-tested, painted, installed, and operation-accepted by NIPSCO and a utility fuel client within 104-hour time window (0800HRS MON to 1700HRS FRI).U.S. Navy, NAVAIR and NAVSEA Commands, Worldwide: Expert provided program development and management assistance to coordinate the return, repair, calibration, and reshipping of mission-critical ship's fuel and aviation turbine fuel flash point analyzers for aircraft carriers (CVN) and 'gators' (LHA, LHD). He achieved 48-hour in-shop turnaround time and an email reporting system to let USN personnel know the status (dates and times the unit was received and reshipped).